Make precision medicine work for chronic kidney disease

Precision medicine is based on accurate diagnosis and tailored intervention through the use of omics and clinical data together with epidemiology and environmental exposures. Precision medicine should be achieved with minimum adverse events and maximum efficacy in patients with chronic kidney disease [CKD]. In this review, the breakthroughs of omics in CKD and the application of systems biology are reviewed. The potential role of transforming growth factor-beta[1] in the targeted intervention of renal fibrosis is discussed as an example of how to make precision medicine work for CKD